Retinamide

Retinamide is a synthetic retinoid that is used for the treatment of skin cancer. It has been shown to induce apoptosis by activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 pathways, as well as by suppression of signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Retinamide also inhibits proliferation of HL60 cells and induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization in colon carcinoma cells. This drug has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo, especially when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. Retinamide has also been found to be effective against group P2 carcinomas, which are characterized by mutations in the BRAF gene. Retinamide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to reactive metabolites that may cause toxic effects on cells. These metabolites can bind to DNA and cause strand breaks